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The waters in the Banyoles basin come from underground springs from the Alta Garratxo seeping through lime earth.
On arrival in Banyoles, the underground water meets impermeable layers meaning it must come to the surface.
On coming to the surface, the water dissolves the limestone and chalk located above, making underground cavities which become larger until the upper layer gives way and water comes to the surface. This process causes the appearance of small lakes and, by extension, the large Estany de Banyoles.
It was declared a picturesque landscape in 1951 and a venue at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games.